Advanced Verbs — Part 2
Auxiliary verbs, giving and receiving patterns, difficulty expressions, and other verb forms for advanced Japanese.
Auxiliary Motion Verbs
- Notion of coming closer to the speaker.
- Used when describing a spontaneous change of state.
- To do something and then come back/home.
海から男の人が出てくる。
A person came out from the ocean.
天気が暖かくなってきた。
The weather has (come to be) warm.
買ってきます。
He is going to buy it and come back.
お寿司を買ってきて。
Go buy sushi and bring it back.
だんだんわかってきた。
I have gradually come to understand.
野菜を買ってきて。
Go buy the vegetables.
これからどんどんわかってくるよ。
From now on you will gradually come to understand.
- Notion of going further away from the speaker.
- Can also be used to describe a continued/overall effect.
- To do something and then go (someplace else).
兄はデジカメを持っていった。
My brother took my digital camera with him and went.
Giving & Receiving (あげる・もらう・くれる)
- Indicates someone else's action for the subject.
- 〜てもらう is the Humble Form (Kenjoogo).
- もらう → いただく (more polite/formal).
彼には早く帰ってもらいたい。
I would like him to go home early.
- Subject does for the benefit of the recipient.
- あげる → さしあげる (more humble/Keigo).
- あげる is also Humble Form (Keigo).
- Subject does for someone else (speaker or in-group).
- くれる → くださる (more polite/respectful).
Verb Patterns
読んでみる。
I will try reading it.
- Expresses general expectation or social norm.
- 〜ものではない: one should not ~ (usually followed by a statement of undesirable result).
- (Passive Form) + かまわず: Completing/not minding being ~ed.
走り続けている。
(He) keeps on running.
食べたり飲んだりする。
Doing things like eating and drinking.
- Rearranges like an i-adjective.
早く帰ってほしい。
I want him to come home early.
- Not used in commands or suggestions.
彼は絶対に謝ろうとしない。
He absolutely will not apologize.
名前は違っても、内容は同じだ。
Though the names may be different, the content is the same.
何と言っても、どうしても行く。
No matter what he says, I am going.
Difficulty Expressions
この本は読みやすい。
This book is easy to read.
この字は読みにくい。
This handwriting is hard to read.
- Difficult to... (feel/sensible or seemingly impossible).
信じがたい話だ。
A hard-to-believe story.
- Cannot do (for emotional or moral reasons).
賛成しかねます。
I am unable to agree.
話しづらい話題だ。
A topic that is hard to talk about.
先生にはお願いしづらい。
It is hard to ask the teacher (for a favor).
Other Verb Forms & Phrases
7時に出ることにしたから、6時に起きなきゃ。
Since I decided to leave at 7, I have to wake up at 6.
田中さんは大学に通うことになった。
It was decided that Mr. Tanaka would attend university.
休みの日には寝るようにしている。
On days off, I make it a point to sleep.
コンビニでアルバイトするようになった。
I ended up working part-time at a convenience store.
この会社の支持者が集まることがある。
The company supporters sometimes gather.
この建物は地震に耐えられないおそれがある。
There is a risk that this building cannot withstand an earthquake.
娘のことを話し出したら、朝まで止まらない。
Once she starts talking about her daughter, she will not stop until morning.
仕事があるから、休むわけにはいかない。
Since I have work, I cannot afford to take time off.
毎朝ジョギングすることにしている。
I make it a practice to jog every morning.
あなたが来てから、忘れることができない。
Since you came, I cannot forget.
遅れたわけではない。公園でサイクリングしていた。
It is not that I was late. I was cycling in the park.